RARE "Nobel Prize in Medicine" Martin Rodbell Hand Signed 3X5 Card For Sale

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RARE "Nobel Prize in Medicine" Martin Rodbell Hand Signed 3X5 Card:
$349.99

Up for sale a VERY RARE! "Nobel Prize in Medicine" Martin Rodbell Hand Signed 3X5 Card. 

ES-4441

Martin Rodbell (December

1, 1925 – December 7, 1998) was is best known for his discovery

of G-proteins. He shared the 1994 Nobel Prize

in Physiology or Medicine with Alfred G. Gilman for "their discovery of G-proteins

and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells." Rodbell

was born in Baltimore, Maryland, the

son of Shirley (née Abrams) and Milton Rodbell, a grocer.[2] His family was Jewish. After

graduating from the Baltimore City College high

school, he entered Johns Hopkins University in

1943, with interests in biology and French existential literature. In 1944, his studies were

interrupted by his military service as a U.S. Navy radio operator during World War II. He returned to Hopkins in 1946 and received his

B.S. in biology in 1949. In 1950, he married Barbara Charlotte

Ledermann, a former friend of the legendary diarist Anne Frank, with whom he had four children. Rodbell received

his Ph.D. of Washington in

1954. He did post-doctoral work at the University

of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign from 1954 to 1956. In 1956,

Rodbell accepted a position as a research biochemist at the National Heart

Institute, part of the National Institutes of

Health, in Bethesda, Maryland. In

1985, Rodbell became Scientific Director of the NIH's National Institute of

Environmental Health Sciences in Research

Triangle Park, North Carolina where he worked until his

retirement in 1994. He was also Adjunct Professor of Cell Biology at Duke University (from 1991 to 1998) and Adjunct Professor of

Pharmacology at the University

of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.[5][6] He died in Chapel Hill of multiple

organ failure after an extended illness. Reflecting the increasingly common

analogies between computer science and biology in the 1960s, Rodbell believed that the

fundamental information processing systems of both computers and

biological organisms were similar. He asserted

that individual cells were analogous to cybernetic systems made up of three

distinct molecular components: discriminators, transducers, and amplifiers (otherwise known as effectors). The

discriminator, or cell receptor, receives

information from outside the cell; a cell transducer processes

this information across the cell membrane; and the amplifier intensifies these signals to

initiate reactions within the cell or to transmit information to other cells. In

December 1969 and early January 1970, Rodbell was working with a laboratory

team that studied the effect of the hormone glucagon on a cellular discriminator that receives outside signals. Rodbell

discovered that ATP (adenosine triphosphate) could reverse the binding action of

glucagon to the cell receptor and thus dissociate the glucagon from the cell

altogether. He then noted that traces of GTP (guanosine triphosphate)

could reverse the binding process almost one thousand times faster than ATP.

Rodbell deduced that GTP was probably the active biological factor in

dissociating glucagon from the cell's receptor, and that GTP had been present

as an impurity in his earlier experiments with ATP. This GTP, he found,

stimulated the activity in the guanine nucleotide protein (later called the

G-protein), which, in turn, produced profound metabolic effects in the cell.

This activation of the G-protein, Rodbell postulated, was the "second messenger" process that Earl W. Sutherland had

theorized. In the language of signal transduction, the G-protein, activated by

GTP, was the principal component of the transducer, which was the crucial link

between the discriminator and the amplifier. Later, Rodbell postulated, and

then provided evidence for, additional G-proteins at the cell receptor that

could inhibit and activate transduction, often at the same time. In other

words, cellular receptors were sophisticated enough to have several different

processes going on simultaneously. 

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